What is repair and deduct?
Repair and deduct is a remedy in many US states that lets a tenant pay to fix a serious habitability defect and subtract the cost from rent, after giving the landlord written notice and a reasonable time to act. The right is limited by statute and only applies to conditions affecting health and safety.
How much can a tenant deduct?
States cap the deduction. California limits repair-and-deduct to one month's rent and to no more than twice in any 12-month period. Other states use fixed dollar caps or a percentage of rent. This calculator compares your repair cost to a cap you select so you can see the recoverable amount.
Do I have to give notice before repairing and deducting?
Yes. Nearly every state requires written notice describing the defect and a reasonable time (often 14–30 days, shorter for emergencies) for the landlord to repair before you may deduct. Skipping notice can make the deduction unlawful and expose you to a non-payment eviction.
What conditions qualify for repair and deduct?
Only conditions that breach the implied warranty of habitability — no heat, no running or hot water, serious plumbing or electrical failures, pest infestations, or structural hazards. Cosmetic or minor issues do not qualify. Document the defect with photos and keep all receipts.