How much can a landlord charge for a security deposit?
Caps vary by state. California limits deposits to one month's rent (effective 2024 reform, with a small-landlord exception). New York caps residential deposits at one month's rent. Texas and Florida have no statutory cap. Always check your specific state and any local ordinance.
How long does a landlord have to return the deposit?
Deadlines are set by state: California 21 days, New York 14 days, Texas 30 days, Florida 15–30 days depending on whether deductions are claimed. The landlord must usually provide an itemized statement of any deductions. Missing the deadline can forfeit the right to withhold.
What can be deducted from a security deposit?
A landlord may deduct for unpaid rent and for damage beyond normal wear and tear, and generally must itemize the deductions. Normal wear — minor scuffs, faded paint, worn carpet from ordinary use — cannot be charged to the tenant. Cleaning is deductible only if the unit is left unreasonably dirty.
What is the penalty if a landlord wrongfully keeps my deposit?
Many states impose multiple-damages penalties. Texas allows 3x the wrongfully withheld amount plus $100 and attorney fees. California allows up to 2x the deposit for bad-faith retention. These penalties give tenants real leverage — send a written demand citing your state's deadline before suing in small claims.